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  <meta name="description" content="前言rpc（远程过程调用），是不同主机间的交互的机制之一。好比说，我们想要获取服务器的某个资源，我们就可以发送一条讯息给服务器，然后服务器解析信息，再返回推送资源的信息，这样，便实现了我们客户端跟服务器的相互的“远程调用”。 为了让不同主机之间能够相互理解发送的讯息，我们需要约定统一的信息格式标准，使得不同的主机可以发送基于这个信息格式的讯息，也可以解析这个格式。这种标准，我们称之为协议（prot">
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<meta property="og:description" content="前言rpc（远程过程调用），是不同主机间的交互的机制之一。好比说，我们想要获取服务器的某个资源，我们就可以发送一条讯息给服务器，然后服务器解析信息，再返回推送资源的信息，这样，便实现了我们客户端跟服务器的相互的“远程调用”。 为了让不同主机之间能够相互理解发送的讯息，我们需要约定统一的信息格式标准，使得不同的主机可以发送基于这个信息格式的讯息，也可以解析这个格式。这种标准，我们称之为协议（prot">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="前言rpc（远程过程调用），是不同主机间的交互的机制之一。好比说，我们想要获取服务器的某个资源，我们就可以发送一条讯息给服务器，然后服务器解析信息，再返回推送资源的信息，这样，便实现了我们客户端跟服务器的相互的“远程调用”。 为了让不同主机之间能够相互理解发送的讯息，我们需要约定统一的信息格式标准，使得不同的主机可以发送基于这个信息格式的讯息，也可以解析这个格式。这种标准，我们称之为协议（prot">






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          <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">【Lua杂谈】lua专用rpc协议sproto——基础介绍&用于协议测试的二次开发

              
            
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        <h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>rpc（远程过程调用），是不同主机间的交互的机制之一。好比说，我们想要获取服务器的某个资源，我们就可以发送一条讯息给服务器，然后服务器解析信息，再返回推送资源的信息，这样，便实现了我们客户端跟服务器的相互的“远程调用”。</p>
<p>为了让不同主机之间能够相互理解发送的讯息，我们需要约定统一的信息格式标准，使得不同的主机可以发送基于这个信息格式的讯息，也可以解析这个格式。这种标准，我们称之为协议（protocol）。</p>
<p>Lua中协议选择有许多种，protobuf、json均可。但是今天，就稍微介绍一下云风同志当年为lua量身设计的sproto协议以及其用于协议测试的二次开发。So, let the party begin~</p>
<h2 id="sproto协议描述"><a href="#sproto协议描述" class="headerlink" title="sproto协议描述"></a>sproto协议描述</h2><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2Nsb3Vkd3Uvc3Byb3Rv" title="https://github.com/cloudwu/sproto">sproto<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>是专用于lua的协议框架，相对于protobuf跟json，sproto在数据的序列化/反序列化效率上有极大的优势。rpc中为了快速效率地传送协议数据，会将数据组装压缩发送，接收端再解压拆解数据识别消息，从而减小了网络传输的开销。这个数据处理过程便可称之为序列化/反序列化。</p>
<p>sproto的设计类似于<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kZXZlbG9wZXJzLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vcHJvdG9jb2wtYnVmZmVycy8/aGw9emgtQ04=" title="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/?hl=zh-CN">protobuf<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>，基本类型为<code>string</code>、<code>binary</code>、<code>integer</code>以及<code>boolean</code>四种。对于array序列的支持，则加上引用星号<code>*</code>即可；对于非整数的支持方面，用户可以parse string来处理实数，或者指定integer的小数位数来处理小数（decimal）。除此之外，用户也可以像编程里面strcut那样自定义类型，类型与类型之间也可以嵌套。</p>
<p>我们可以从<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2Nsb3Vkd3Uvc3Byb3RvL2Jsb2IvbWFzdGVyL1JFQURNRS5tZA==" title="https://github.com/cloudwu/sproto/blob/master/README.md">readme<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>中寻找各种例子。数据类型的例子如下：</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<figure class="highlight protobuf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.Person &#123; # . means a user defined type</span><br><span class="line">    name <span class="number">0</span> : <span class="built_in">string</span> # <span class="built_in">string</span> is a build-in type.</span><br><span class="line">    id <span class="number">1</span> : integer</span><br><span class="line">    email <span class="number">2</span> : <span class="built_in">string</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    .PhoneNumber &#123; # user defined type can be nest.</span><br><span class="line">        number <span class="number">0</span> : <span class="built_in">string</span></span><br><span class="line">        type <span class="number">1</span> : integer</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    phone <span class="number">3</span> : *PhoneNumber # *PhoneNumber means an array of PhoneNumber.</span><br><span class="line">    height <span class="number">4</span> : integer(<span class="number">2</span>) # (<span class="number">2</span>) means a <span class="number">1</span>/<span class="number">100</span> fixed-point number.</span><br><span class="line">    data <span class="number">5</span> : binary # Some binary data</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">.AddressBook &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    person <span class="number">0</span> : *Person(id) # (id) is <span class="keyword">optional</span>, means Person.id is main index.</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>每个用户自定义的数据类型需要包含子项的名称、编号（序列化时排序）与子项数据类型。基于这些数据类型，我们可以约定各种各样的协议。比如：</p>
<figure class="highlight protobuf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">foobar <span class="number">1</span> &#123; # define a new protocol (for RPC used) with tag <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">    request Person # Associate the type Person with foobar.request</span><br><span class="line">    response &#123; # define the foobar.response type</span><br><span class="line">        ok <span class="number">0</span> : boolean</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样，协议foobar（编号为1）请求与返回的协议数据格式便一目了然了。</p>
<p>至于协议的序列化设计，在云风所著<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNvZGluZ25vdy5jb20vMjAxNC8wNy9lam95cHJvdG8uaHRtbA==" title="https://blog.codingnow.com/2014/07/ejoyproto.html">《设计一种简化的 protocol buffer 协议》<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>的Wire Protocol与“0 压缩”章节中已经详尽描述了，此处便不再赘述。</p>
<h2 id="sproto协议收发"><a href="#sproto协议收发" class="headerlink" title="sproto协议收发"></a>sproto协议收发</h2><p>收发协议的例子可以查看skynet网络框架的<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2Nsb3Vkd3Uvc2t5bmV0L3dpa2kvU3Byb3Rv" title="https://github.com/cloudwu/skynet/wiki/Sproto">Sproto<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>一章。</p>
<p>sproto本身也分两层，当我们使用sproto的时候，通常调用sproto的lua嵌入层模块<code>sproto.lua</code>中的函数。真实收发sproto协议时，需要带上协议包头<code>header</code>表现协议的外在信息，比如：</p>
<ul>
<li>type 协议的类型——REQUEST或RESPONSE</li>
<li>session 协议的标识——通过这个标识对应请求与响应</li>
</ul>
<p>一开始，我们可以采用<code>sproto.parse</code>或<code>sproto.new</code>把自己储存的协议定义解析至内存里。通过<code>local host = sproto:host(包头名)</code>，我们便可指定包头。之后，通过<code>host:attach(解析的协议)</code>，我们可以创建一个回调函数，用来打包每个协议数据包，而相对地，通过<code>host:dispatch</code>，就可以解析每一个传输过来的协议数据了。具体操作在github项目上的<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2Nsb3Vkd3Uvc3Byb3RvL2Jsb2IvbWFzdGVyL3Nwcm90by5sdWE=" title="https://github.com/cloudwu/sproto/blob/master/sproto.lua">sproto.lua<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>都能看到，例子则可以查看<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2Nsb3Vkd3Uvc3Byb3RvL2Jsb2IvbWFzdGVyL3Rlc3RycGMubHVh" title="https://github.com/cloudwu/sproto/blob/master/testrpc.lua">testrpc.lua<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>。</p>
<h2 id="用于协议测试的二次开发"><a href="#用于协议测试的二次开发" class="headerlink" title="用于协议测试的二次开发"></a>用于协议测试的二次开发</h2><p>要测试sproto，首先需要导出所有协议。在官方的实现中，<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2Nsb3Vkd3Uvc3Byb3RvL2Jsb2IvbWFzdGVyL3Nwcm90by5j" title="https://github.com/cloudwu/sproto/blob/master/sproto.c">sproto.c<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>的<code>void sproto_dump(struct sproto *s)</code>函数可以把所有协议都print出来，对应的lua接口是<code>require(&quot;sproto.core&quot;).dumpproto(解析的协议.__cobj))</code>。而在笔者自己fork的项目中，就修改了<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL3V0bWhpa2FyaS9zcHJvdG8vYmxvYi9tYXN0ZXIvbHNwcm90by5j" title="https://github.com/utmhikari/sproto/blob/master/lsproto.c">lsproto.c（lua注册层）<i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></span>的实现，增加了totable的功能。通过totable导出之后，在协议测试过程中统计协议信息就不是什么难题了。</p>
<p>而协议测试的一个必备功能就是从工具端发送协议，（并非从真实客户端发送），因此首先我们也需要魔改<code>sproto.lua</code>来便利测试。我们可以观察<code>sproto:host</code>函数：</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">sproto:host</span><span class="params">( packagename )</span></span></span><br><span class="line">    packagename = packagename <span class="keyword">or</span>  <span class="string">"package"</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">local</span> obj = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        __proto = self,</span><br><span class="line">        __package = <span class="built_in">assert</span>(core.querytype(self.__cobj, packagename), <span class="string">"type package not found"</span>),</span><br><span class="line">        __session = &#123;&#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">setmetatable</span>(obj, host_mt)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中的<code>__session</code>用于缓存每一个指定了session的包，这个缓存过程是在上面所述<code>host:attach</code>里打包回调函数实现的：</p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">host:attach</span><span class="params">(sp)</span></span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">(name, args, session, ud)</span></span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">local</span> proto = queryproto(sp, name)</span><br><span class="line">        header_tmp.<span class="built_in">type</span> = proto.tag</span><br><span class="line">        header_tmp.session = session</span><br><span class="line">        header_tmp.ud = ud</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">local</span> header = core.encode(self.__package, header_tmp)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> session <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line">            self.__session[session] = proto.response <span class="keyword">or</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> proto.request <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">local</span> content = core.encode(proto.request, args)</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> core.pack(header ..  content)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> core.pack(header)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>因此，如果要实现从工具端凭空发送协议的话，可以另外在host的obj中增加<code>__name</code>缓存每个协议名的发送信息。要凭空发一条协议时，如果<code>__name</code>中没有缓存，就再凭空生成一个session，而如果有，就根据缓存中是否包含session来判断需不需要凭空生成session。通过修改<code>host</code>与<code>attach</code>函数，就可以满足这些需求啦~</p>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>不论是sproto，还是啥，协议测试本身实现方案众多，需求也千变万化，单靠这一篇文章，难以完全说明。</p>
<p>路漫漫其修远兮~</p>

      
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                      if (!caseSensitive) {
                        text = text.toLowerCase();
                        word = word.toLowerCase();
                      }
                      while ((position = text.indexOf(word, startPosition)) > -1) {
                        index.push({position: position, word: word});
                        startPosition = position + wordLen;
                      }
                      return index;
                    }

                    indexOfTitle = indexOfTitle.concat(getIndexByWord(keyword, titleInLowerCase, false));
                    indexOfContent = indexOfContent.concat(getIndexByWord(keyword, contentInLowerCase, false));
                  });
                  if (indexOfTitle.length > 0 || indexOfContent.length > 0) {
                    isMatch = true;
                    hitCount = indexOfTitle.length + indexOfContent.length;
                  }
                }

                // show search results

                if (isMatch) {
                  // sort index by position of keyword

                  [indexOfTitle, indexOfContent].forEach(function (index) {
                    index.sort(function (itemLeft, itemRight) {
                      if (itemRight.position !== itemLeft.position) {
                        return itemRight.position - itemLeft.position;
                      } else {
                        return itemLeft.word.length - itemRight.word.length;
                      }
                    });
                  });

                  // merge hits into slices

                  function mergeIntoSlice(text, start, end, index) {
                    var item = index[index.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    var hits = [];
                    var searchTextCountInSlice = 0;
                    while (position + word.length <= end && index.length != 0) {
                      if (word === searchText) {
                        searchTextCountInSlice++;
                      }
                      hits.push({position: position, length: word.length});
                      var wordEnd = position + word.length;

                      // move to next position of hit

                      index.pop();
                      while (index.length != 0) {
                        item = index[index.length - 1];
                        position = item.position;
                        word = item.word;
                        if (wordEnd > position) {
                          index.pop();
                        } else {
                          break;
                        }
                      }
                    }
                    searchTextCount += searchTextCountInSlice;
                    return {
                      hits: hits,
                      start: start,
                      end: end,
                      searchTextCount: searchTextCountInSlice
                    };
                  }

                  var slicesOfTitle = [];
                  if (indexOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    slicesOfTitle.push(mergeIntoSlice(title, 0, title.length, indexOfTitle));
                  }

                  var slicesOfContent = [];
                  while (indexOfContent.length != 0) {
                    var item = indexOfContent[indexOfContent.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    // cut out 100 characters
                    var start = position - 20;
                    var end = position + 80;
                    if(start < 0){
                      start = 0;
                    }
                    if (end < position + word.length) {
                      end = position + word.length;
                    }
                    if(end > content.length){
                      end = content.length;
                    }
                    slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
                  }

                  // sort slices in content by search text's count and hits' count

                  slicesOfContent.sort(function (sliceLeft, sliceRight) {
                    if (sliceLeft.searchTextCount !== sliceRight.searchTextCount) {
                      return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
                    } else if (sliceLeft.hits.length !== sliceRight.hits.length) {
                      return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
                    } else {
                      return sliceLeft.start - sliceRight.start;
                    }
                  });

                  // select top N slices in content

                  var upperBound = parseInt('5');
                  if (upperBound >= 0) {
                    slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
                  }

                  // highlight title and content

                  function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
                    var result = '';
                    var prevEnd = slice.start;
                    slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
                      result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
                      var end = hit.position + hit.length;
                      result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
                      prevEnd = end;
                    });
                    result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
                    return result;
                  }

                  var resultItem = '';

                  if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "</a>";
                  } else {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
                  }

                  slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
                    resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
                      "<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
                      "...</p>" + "</a>";
                  });

                  resultItem += "</li>";
                  resultItems.push({
                    item: resultItem,
                    searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
                    hitCount: hitCount,
                    id: resultItems.length
                  });
                }
              })
            };
            if (keywords.length === 1 && keywords[0] === "") {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-search fa-5x"></i></div>'
            } else if (resultItems.length === 0) {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-5x"></i></div>'
            } else {
              resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
                if (resultLeft.searchTextCount !== resultRight.searchTextCount) {
                  return resultRight.searchTextCount - resultLeft.searchTextCount;
                } else if (resultLeft.hitCount !== resultRight.hitCount) {
                  return resultRight.hitCount - resultLeft.hitCount;
                } else {
                  return resultRight.id - resultLeft.id;
                }
              });
              var searchResultList = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
              resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
                searchResultList += result.item;
              })
              searchResultList += "</ul>";
              resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
            }
          }

          if ('auto' === 'manual') {
            input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
          } else {
            $('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
            input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
              if (event.keyCode === 13) {
                inputEventFunction();
              }
            });
          }

          // remove loading animation
          $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
          $('body').css('overflow', '');

          proceedsearch();
        }
      });
    }

    // handle and trigger popup window;
    $('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
      e.stopPropagation();
      if (isfetched === false) {
        searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
      } else {
        proceedsearch();
      };
    });

    $('.popup-btn-close').click(onPopupClose);
    $('.popup').click(function(e){
      e.stopPropagation();
    });
    $(document).on('keyup', function (event) {
      var shouldDismissSearchPopup = event.which === 27 &&
        $('.search-popup').is(':visible');
      if (shouldDismissSearchPopup) {
        onPopupClose();
      }
    });
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      mermaid.initialize({
        theme: 'dark',
        logLevel: 3,
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    $(e).after($wrap);
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      var code = $(this).parent().find('.code').find('.line').map(function(i, e) {
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